Formalized training was introduced with the opening of a "police school" which included instruction in department regulations, law courses taught by the District Attorney and local judges, and first aid taught by the local Red Cross. Chief Wilson also instituted civil service status for police officers beginning in 1911, ending political patronage in the department.
Chief Wilson concurrently created the Bureau of Identification, and Oakland became the first police department west of Chicago to maintain specialized criminal identification files using the French method of Bertillion Measurements along with fingerprints as a means of identification. In 1907, Chief Wilson reorganized the Detective Bureau and detectives became known as Inspectors, a title borrowed from Scotland Yard. The department became the first city west of the Mississippi to utilize automobiles for police patrol when it purchased a 1906 Auto-Car. Oakland PD was on the forefront of innovation under the leadership of Chief Adelbert Wilson (1906 to 1912) as it instituted advances in modern telephone communications, criminalistics, and auto and motorcycle transport. In 1900, the city had a population of 67,690 and a police force of 61 officers, and grew rapidly thereafter. By 1886, the department had installed telephone call boxes for foot patrolmen and purchased horse-drawn wagons for patrol, which, according to the Oakland Review, were the first such conveyances used by police in California. By 1874, the department was headquartered in the new city hall located at 14th and Washington. By 1872, the Alameda County Courthouse opened at 4th and Broadway and cases deemed too serious for police court were tried there. It developed into a major port and industrial center, including the manufacture of ships and, later, automobiles. Oakland's growth continued when it became the western terminus of the transcontinental railroad in 1869. On October 15, 1853, the town council appointed John McCann as the first town marshal, assisted by two deputies and operating out of a small waterfront building which also housed the police court and jail. Heretofore, vigilante justice had been the norm. Oakland had been incorporated as a town by the state legislature in 1852, and with its rapid expansion, Carpentier felt the need to organize a city government with a police force to provide regular law enforcement. The Oakland Police Department was formed in 1853 by Oakland founder and first Mayor Horace W. 8.2 Community Police Review Agency (CPRA).8.1 2017-2019 City Audit of the Police Commission.7.2 Firing of Police Chief Anne Kirkpatrick, February 2020.7.1 Resignation of Three Police Chiefs, June 2016.3.1 Police Chief, Assistant Chief, Deputy Chief.
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